what is fire sprinkler system ?
Fire sprinkler system consist of pipes containing pressurized water that flows into the rooms and buildings through outlets called sprinklers. When a fire starts, the heat triggers a device (called a heat or smoke detector) which detects the rise in temperature and triggers an alarm initiating activation of fire sprinkler system in the area. The sprinkler head directs water droplets onto the surface of the fire until it is extinguished.
TYPES OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
WET PIPE
what is wet pipe sprinkler and how it works
wet pipe sprinklers are the most common sprinkler system used. in this type, forced water is maintained in piping, when activated the glass filled with liquid or soldered metal at a pre-decided temperature breaks/melts which allows the plug to drop out and water is directed on a deflected plate which sprinkles water on fire
System simplicity and reliability – Wet pipe sprinkler systems have the smallest amount number of components and thus , rock bottom number of things to malfunction. This produces unexcelled reliability which is vital since sprinklers could also be asked to take a seat in expecting a few years before they’re needed.
DRY-PIPE
what is dry-pipe sprinkler and how it works
a dry-pipe sprinkler system is one in which pipes are crammed with pressurized with either air or nitrogen, rather than water. this air holds a valve also known as a dry pipe valve during a closed position. the dry pipe valve doesn`t allow water to enter the piping until a fire causes one or more sprinklers to activate. once this happens the air escapes and therefore the dry pipe valve releases. Water then enters the pipe, flowing through open sprinklers onto the hearth
Dry pipe sprinkler systems provide automatic protection in spaces where freezing is feasible. Typical dry pipe installations include unheated warehouses and attics, outside exposed loading docks and within commercial freezers.
Many people view dry pipe sprinklers as advantageous for the protection of collections and other water sensitive areas. This perceived benefit is thanks to a fear that a physically damaged wet pipe system will leak while dry pipe systems won’t. In these situations, however, dry pipe systems will generally not offer any advantage over wet pipe systems. Should impact damage happen, there’ll only be a light discharge delay, i.e. 1 minute, while the air within the piping is released before water flows.
PRE-ACTION
what is pre-action sprinkler and how it works
pre-action sprinkler works on the principle of the dry-pipe system in which water is present in the piping system the only difference is water being held from piping by an electric valve called a pre-action valve which can be operated by smoke, heat or flame detector
to activate this pre-action sprinkler two separate events should occur for sprinkler discharge. the first system will identify a developing fire and at the moment will open the pre-action valve letting water flow in piping creating a wet sprinkler system and second sprinkler head should allow flowing water onto the fire
pre-action system are designed for protection of water sensitive zone such as computer room, freezers, museum this zone contains water damageable items and also some precious items
in some cases, the pre-action fire system could also be found out with a double interlock during which pressurized air or nitrogen is added to system piping. the aim of this feature is two-fold: first to watch piping for leaks and second to carry water from system piping within the event of inadvertent detector operation. the foremost common application for this technique type is in freezer warehouses.
DELUGE
what is deluge sprinkler and how it works
A deluge fire system is analogous to a pre-action system except the sprinkler heads are open and therefore the pipe isn’t pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a water system through a deluge valve that’s opened by the operation of a smoke or heat detection system. The detection system is installed within the same area because of the sprinklers. When the detection system is activated water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads within the system. Deluge systems are utilized in places that are considered high hazard areas like power plants, aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities. Deluge systems are needed where high-velocity suppression is important to stop fire spread.
Deluge Fire Sprinkler Systems differ from conventional Fire Sprinkler Systems within the sense that each nozzle employed within the system are open and when water is released into the system it flows from all discharge devices. As such, this special sort of system is usually found within industrial type hazards that need the appliance of water over an outsized hazard or area. The control of water may be accomplished by the utilization of a Deluge Valve which is a device that forestalls water from entering the system piping until required. A detection system that will incorporate the utilization of warmth, smoke, or flame detectors is employed to open the Deluge Valve when a fireplace or its products of combustion are detected. All system piping is crammed with water that discharges from the open sprinklers and nozzles utilized in the system. additionally to the appliance of water, some deluge systems will incorporate the utilization of a foam concentrate to combine with water and form a foam solution which may then provide a protective blanket of froth to assist control the event of a fireplace.
